What Causes Bleeding Gums?
One of the most common symptoms associated with gum disease is bleeding gums. Bleeding of the gums may also be associated with other health issues. In some cases, bleeding gums may simply be caused by aggressive brushing or wearing ill-fitting dentures. However, when patients experience frequent gum bleeding, it may be a sign of one of the below serious conditions:
- Periodontitis or gum disease
- Leukemia
- Vitamin deficiency
- Low platelets
In most cases, bleeding gums are caused by poor oral hygiene or other dental issues. Gingivitis and periodontitis are both gum diseases which result in increased gum sensitivity and can also cause bleeding of the gums.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is often the result of plaque which has accumulated along the gum line over time. Plaque is a sticky substance on the teeth which is made up of debris and bacteria. Regular brushing of the teeth aids in removing plaque and can also help to prevent cavities. In some cases, plaque is not properly removed from the gum line. This often occurs when patients are not properly brushing and flossing. The failure to remove plaque allows it to harden into tartar, which is very difficult to remove at home. The formation of tartar can increase bleeding and the accumulation of plaque around the gums can also cause gingivitis. The following are common symptoms associated with gingivitis:
- Puffy, swollen gums
- Mouth and gum tenderness
- Gums which bleed easily
Periodontitis
Periodontitis typically occurs when gingivitis is not properly treated. Periodontal disease is defined by an infection of the gums, jawbone, and supporting tissues which connect the teeth and gums. In severe cases, periodontitis can result in the teeth becoming loose or even falling out.
Vitamin C and K Deficiencies
Patients who are deficient in vitamin C or K may also experience gums which easily bleed. A doctor can check a patient’s levels of these vitamins to determine if there is a deficiency as it can result in bleeding gums not associated with poor dental care. Patients should also consume a balanced diet that contains both types of nutrients.
The following foods are rich in vitamin C:
- Bell peppers
- Broccoli
- Citrus fruits and juices
- Potatoes
- Strawberries
- Tomatoes
Foods which are good sources of vitamin K include:
- Watercress
- Kale, lettuce, spinach and Swiss chard
- Mustard greens
- Olive and canola oil
- Soybeans
Other Causes
Patients who wear dentures may also notice their gums are prone to bleeding. This is especially common with ill-fitting dentures. Follow up with your dentist or orthodontist if you have dentures or another type of appliance and are experiencing bleeding gums. The dental professional may need to make adjustments to ensure the device fits properly.
Another common cause for bleeding gums is from the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. These hormonal changes which take place during pregnancy can cause increased gum sensitivity. Bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia or leukemia, can also be the culprit for bleeding gums. Patients who take a blood-thinning medication may also experience more frequent bleeding.
Treatment
The first step for treating bleeding gums is typically ensuing the patient has good oral hygiene practices. This includes twice daily brushing, daily flossing, and regular visits to the dentist for an exam and professional cleaning. During these routine appointments, the dentist can also determine if gingivitis is present and ensure patients are educated on proper brushing and flossing techniques.